The UK Education System
England, Wales and Northern Ireland
There is a legal responsibility for all
children aged 5 to 16 receive a full-time education suited to their
age, ability, aptitude and special educational needs (SEN). Prior to
the Education Reform Act of 1988 schools were free to decide what
they teach their students, religious education was the only
compulsory subject. The National Curriculum
was developed as part of
the Education Reform Act 1988 introduced in England in 1992 to
ensure that all pupils had a balanced education, clearly stating the
standards expected to be achieved by the students.
The National Curriculum has four key stages as follows:
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Key Stage 1: Years 1 and 2 (ages 5-7)
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Key Stage 2: Years 3, 4, 5 and 6 (ages 7-11)
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Key Stage 3: Years 7, 8 and 9 (ages 11-14)
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Key Stage 4: Years 10 and 11 (ages 14-16)
The Foundation Stage (early years or
Reception Stage - ages 3-5), became part of the National Curriculum
in 2002. Key Stage 1 and 2 are taught in primary schools and Key
Stage 3 and 4 are generally taught in secondary schools. Most pupils
move from primary to secondary school at the age of 11.
The national curriculum consists of a core
subjects - English, math and science, and the foundation are matters
of design and technology, information and communication technology
(ICT), history, geography, art and design, music, physical
education, modern foreign languages - at Key Stage 3 only - and
citizenship. Religious education is taught in accordance with agreed
local curriculum.
All pupils in England, except for those from
independent or private are required to comply with the National
Curriculum, with the exception that in Wales, Welsh is also a central theme.
Students are assessed by examination at the
end of each key stage (results collated into league tables), with the Key Stage 4 gaining
General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE).
Update
: In October 2008, the government scrapped Key Stage 3
SATs test for 14 year olds. It is now proposed that by 2011, a new
US style report card will be issued to primary and secondary
schools. In June 2009, Ed Balls (the Schools Secretary)
announced that the National Literacy and Numeracy
Strategies for
primary schools would be scrapped by 2011. Capita's
contract would not be renewed and schools would be given back
the initiative to decide how and what their pupils
required to cover numeracy and literacy needs.
After completing GCSEs,
students have the option of whether to continue with education at
school or university through AS-level, A level, International Baccalaureate or vocational
training or to carry out the job.
Scotland
Scotland has its own qualification framework
that is independent of the national curriculum used in England,
Wales and Northern Ireland. The curriculum in Scotland is not
established by law, placing the responsibility on local authorities and schools.
The curriculum is divided into 5-14
Curriculum and Standard Grade for 14 to 16 years old. After Standard
Grade, students progress to Intermediate, Advanced Higher and Higher
grades, although some students may take courses at the intermediate
14 to 16.
The Year in Scotland groups are divided into
primary (P) and secondary (S), with the 5-14 curriculum that covers
P1-P7 to S1 and S2. Standard Grade starts in S3 and S4, S5 Senior
Grade and Advanced Higher taken by most pupils in the S6 year. The
first year of secondary school (S1) is equivalent to 8 Year in
England, therefore those in Scotland have a year less in secondary
education than those in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
The 5-14 curriculum is divided into six
levels, A to F. Assessment of pupils achieving levels is taken by
individuals or groups when teachers believes their students are ready.
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